Soda Ash Experiment free essay sample

To determine the efficiency of a titrimetric and potentiometric method while determining the carbonate in soda ash, both a t-test and f-test were performed. The t-test proved accuracy between methods and the f-test proved no difference in precision. Introduction Soda ash is a white anhydrous material that be found in either powder or granular form and it contains 99% sodium carbonate when shipped[i] (1). Soda ash serves a purpose in the manufacturing of many economically important products such as the manufacturing of glass, chemicals, paper, detergents and other products. Soda ash has been used dating all the way back to 3500 BC by the Egyptians. The Egyptians were able to utilize soda ash then in the production of glass and then as an ingredient in medicines and breads by the Romans (1). Today, the majority of the world’s soda ash comes from trona ore, which is mostly found in the Green River Basin, formerly known as the Gosiute Lake, located in southwest Wyoming. We will write a custom essay sample on Soda Ash Experiment or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Green River basin is actually a prehistoric alkaline lakebed that supplies this vast amount of trona ore (1). With glass manufacturing being the largest application of soda ash, it erves very high importance in the production of containers, fiberglass insulation or flat glass for housing commercial building and automotive industries[ii] (2). Not only is the use of soda ash in glass manufacturing important, but it is also used to clean the air and soften water (2). With all of the new arising concerns with the environment with emissions in the atmosphere, the demand for soda ash has increased. This is so because soda ash can be used to remove sulfur dioxides and hydrochloric acid from stack gases present in the atmosphere (2). Since sodium carbonate has a strong base, it is commonly used to neutralize acidic effects so when a photographer were to develop film, he would use soda ash to stabilize the alkaline condition or a person who owns a pool would use it as an additive to chemically neutralize the water since chlorine makes the pool acidic (1). Soda ash has a high pH in concentrated solutions and can irritate the eyes, respiratory tract and skin. It should under no circumstance be ingested because soda ash can corrode the stomach lining (1). In the experiment that was conducted Na? CO? eacted with 0. 09356 M hydrochloric acid. Methods In the first part of this lab, roughly 1. 855g of sodium carbonate was weighed and put in the oven to dry at a temperature of 110 degrees Celsius for 2 hours. In part B, a 1 L solution of 0. 1 M HCl from 12. 0 M concentrated HCl was made to serve as the titrant for the lab. Do not discard the solution because it is used for both parts of the lab. Perform a rough titration of the dried standard Na? CO? with 0. 1M HCl to standardize the solution. The size of the sample weighed out should be enough to neutralize about 25 mL of 0. M HCl. On an analytically weighed balance weigh one sample of the dried primary standard sodium carbonate into a 125mL Erlenmeyer flask. Dilute the sample with 25mL of de-ionized water and then add roughly 4-5 drop of indicator Methyl Orange and titrate the solution to a point prior to the endpoint. Gently heat the sample solution on a hotplate in the fume hood until condensation appears around the neck of the flask to expel dissolved CO? from the sample. Cool the solution in an ice bath and finish titrating the roughly 0. 1 M HCl into the sample. A small amount of titrant is needed to reach the endpoint. Based off of the R value obtained from the rough titration, accurately weigh three more samples and repeat the titration. This data will be used to calculate the exact concentration of the HCl solution. In part C, titrating the unknown, accurately weigh about 0. 2g of dried unknown into a 125 mL Erlenmeyer flask and then add 25mL of de-ionized water and 4-5 drops of indicator (same as used in the rough). With the same procedure used in the standardization, titrate to just before the endpoint. Based off the R value from the rough titration of the unknown, accurately weigh 3 more samples and repeat the titration. In the second part of this lab, use a pH meter to titrate the unknown sodium carbonate. The instructor will help in setting up and calibrating a Vernier pH meter. The pH meter is calibrated with two buffer solutions with a pH of 4. 01 and the other with a pH of 10. 00. Based off of the calculated R value from part C accurately weigh two samples of the dried unknown sodium carbonate into two 150mL beakers. Add 25mL of de-ionized water to the first sample and place the electrode in the solution as well as a teflon stir bar and glass stirring rod and place on a stir plate. Record the initial volume of the HCl in the buret and carefully titrate with HCl until the pH is between 6. 0 and 6. 5. Be careful because the pH meter tends to lag. Once the target pH is achieved stop adding HCl and record the volume of the buret. Remove the sample beaker from the stir plate and put the electrode in a beaker filled with warm water. Warm the solution for a few minutes on a separate hot plate to expel dissolved CO?. Cool in an ice bath and return to the stir plate. Record pH, first data point, and continue to add increments of HCl until a pH of 2. 5 is achieved. Be sure not to add any de-ionized water after the first pH point is recorded. When completed there should be 30-40 data points. Repeat for the second sample. Results Table 1: Mass of the unknown Na? CO? to determine carbonate in soda ash based off titrimetric method (Part C) Titration |Starting mass of weigh bottle and unknown Na? CO? | |46. 848% Na? CO? |51. 933% Na? CO? | |46. 5879% Na? CO? |50. 564% Na? CO? | |46. 7083% Na? CO? | | |47. 0692% Na? CO? | | |46. 6548% Na? CO? | | |46. 7396% Na? CO? | |

The Sole Approach You Should Be Using for First Amendment Essay Samples and Answers Exposed

The Sole Approach You Should Be Using for First Amendment Essay Samples and Answers Exposed Don't forget that any argumentative essay sample you'll discover on the internet will require a full rewriting in order to prevent plagiarism. The simplest approach to specify the sort of an essay is to realize the writer's point of view. The simplest approach to compose a great persuasive essay is to chose a topic you're confident in. If you wish to figure out how to compose a decent persuasive essay, you're looking in the proper location! The target of a persuasive essay is to convince your readers your viewpoint is the correct viewpoint. In nearly all high schools, your capability of writing this kind of essay is going to be evaluated in class. No matter this issue, the structure is identical for any persuasive essay. It will be simpler that you compose a great persuasive essay if it's a subject in which you have knowledge. Which is exactly why we here offer you some persuasive essay samples that could aid you with your own. Only because the introduction is the very first paragraph in your essay doesn't signify that you have to write this paragraph before any other. Thirdly, the author doesn't neglect to include time within her argument. It should clearly express the topic of the essay and the writer's position. Sample persuasive essays can also give inspiration on topics to write on in addition to serve as examples about how to compose your essay. Writing an essay is a vital role in academe life. A persuasive essay has to be able to grab the interest of the folks reading it easily. Your persuasive essay will have a lot of paragraphs. Even after ratification of the Constitution by the majority of states, conflicts and compromises with respect to the Amendment proved still rife. It is among the most significant amendments which exist within the Constitution of the USA. The First Amendment guarantees to all citizens that should they opt to speak their mind, what they're saying cannot be silenced, can't be restrained, and can't be ignored. The Eighth Amendment might be the shortest amendment, but nonetheless, it still has proven itself to be a rather important portion of the Constitution ever since it was written. Prior to any speech is punished on the grounds of incitement, there's an obligatory three-part criterion that needs to be met. It ensures that each and every individual receives specific rights. The paper will consider the author's principal argument in connection with the matter of hate speech in addition to the demand for free speech in the society. The simple fact that he did not really burn a duplicate of the U.S. Constitution won't relieve him of criminal liability for the attempt crime because the mistake of fact doesn't negate the essential mindset. If that's the case, then Dan is going to be guilty of murder. Notably, the author doesn't neglect to mention the present world inside her argument (Tandon, 75). He points out that the motivation behind censorship is because They want to use the power of the state to accomplish what they have been unable to achieve in the marketplace of ideas and images. There are a sizable number of such companies providing essay writers, but should you select this path, due diligence is important to ensure the job will be finished right. It is possible to get a fantastic medical cover and pay for the ideal treatment but cannot guarantee decent health. Although some say absolutely free public transportation would assist the environment and decrease traffic, others think absolutely free public transportation is too pricey, and the government can't afford to cover it. Though people believe education is a correct and will make society, generally, a better place for everybody, others feel there's no genuine method to provide a free college education as colleges would still must be funded (likely through tax dollars).

Essay Topic Sentences For a Dog

Essay Topic Sentences For a DogTopic sentences are usually presented in the essay. In an essay, one must give a set of events that happened within a certain period of time. In the introduction section of the essay, a thesis statement is given as a part of the thesis statement.The first sentence in the introduction should be very specific with no room for interpretation. The audience will have a very clear idea of what the thesis statement is. The introduction must be short and very concise. The introduction should state the purpose of the essay and should be very brief.Next, you will use a chapter heading to break the essay up into chapters. Your introduction should outline the purpose of the essay, give an overview of the chapters and divide the essay into chapters. Each chapter should contain one or two paragraphs that explain how the story or premise was established and which event in the essay is relevant to the entire thesis statement.The conclusion of the essay should present a conclusion that all the information provided in the essay has been covered. This conclusion should be a summary of the major points in the essay. It should be linked to the thesis statement and must follow a logical sequence. This can also be a section within the thesis statement.The conclusion of the essay should also tell a reason why the reader should continue to read the essay. If the essay has been completed correctly, the readers should understand why the writer is writing the essay and why it was required. The main idea is that the readers understand why the information was included in the essay. If they don't, they will stop reading and move on to the next essay in the series.You can write several essay topics for a dog and then submit them all to your instructor. They will evaluate your essays and assign you to the appropriate topic sentences for a dog essay. You will be able to write the essay and have it graded by the professor and also receive feedback from the instruct or.It is recommended that you take English composition classes at a community college if you are a student who wishes to take college-level courses in college writing. This will help you with the fundamental concepts of writing and will make your career as a writer much easier. A degree in this field will open many doors for you. Learn more about taking college level courses in college writing.

Essay Writing - What Is Physical Evidence In Essay Writing?

Essay Writing - What Is Physical Evidence In Essay Writing?When it comes to essay writing, the content and the form of the essay is what drives the writing process. If you cannot successfully deliver on that stage, your essay will be worthless. You will find yourself failing to make heads or tails of the format and content. Well, here are some tips to help you in that aspect.While you are doing the drafting of the essay, be sure that you have enough data at hand in order to write it effectively. This means having all the information that will be required by the topic that you are writing on. In this way, you are assured that everything is well-documented. There is a possibility that there will be data that is not included in the essay writing, but one should always bear in mind that these are all there for the good and if one decides to include something from this section, it should be stated clearly in the essay.The preparation that you need before writing your essay depends on the topic that you are writing about. If you are writing on the stock market, then one should prepare a lot of information and facts that will prove the worth of the stock market and its value. The reader will come to know about this subject just by reading the paper. The essay may seem too technical for someone who has not studied it properly.The last and the most important point that you need to remember while writing your essay is the style. This means that the style should be clear, concise and precise. There should be a flow of words which will lead the reader on a path that is smooth and easy to follow. One should think of making the style light and comical and can thus allow more scope for joke and humor.Though there are people who write best when they are not well-prepared, it can also mean that the writer isnot in complete control of his facts. This can cause the essay to look very dry and forced.In order to avoid this from happening, you can try to plan out the piece ahead of time and do not rush the plan. It is also advisable to make use of a notebook or a pad where one can jot down the thoughts on the piece.These are just some tips that you need to take into consideration while writing an essay. Remember that essays are a reflection of how you have learnt the subject matter in great detail. You can write effectively when you have all the information in your hand and are in control of the form and content.

What Is Right For Your Essay Topics?

What Is Right For Your Essay Topics?The kind of essay topics that work for everybody are totally different for everybody, and the main reason is the nature of the person who's writing. Some people may feel more at ease writing about topics that appeal to their interests and hobbies, whereas others may feel more comfortable with writing about topics that are more directly related to the subjects they're reading or studying. Others may need to find something in between, as many students begin to find when they move into college. It can be a challenge to find a topic that will go over well with all.As you look at the kind of writing you have to do in college, you'll notice that there are three different writing styles to pick from. There are grammar rules that apply as well as styles for writing about essays that show you're serious. There are style guides and, of course, the standard written word that anyone else can read.In a lot of cases, it can be difficult to choose one of these st yles for writing and let other things like academic writing guide your decision. This is true especially when trying to decide on writing topics to use for an essay that has to convince somebody or defend a position.Although you may consider using a style guide, it's important to consider first whether you have the ability to write the way you want to do if your teacher doesn't tell you to. The best way to determine this is to get a copy of the writing guide and see what kind of writing you would like to do.If you don't like a particular style or guideline, you may also want to think about if you'll actually like it. I wouldn't advise using the style guide if you're not sure of how you'd like to be. If it's not the style you like, then you probably won't like it either.You have to be able to improvise on writing topics as you learn about the various writing styles that are available, and choose the ones that suit you best. However, it's important to remember that not every form of w riting should be the same as another style, which is why you'll want to look around to see what's out there.As you do more research and get more experience, you'll soon see that there are great resources available online for writing. These may include books, where you can learn how to write essays, sample essays, and other articles that teach you different ways to write essays that you'll find more helpful and effective.

Megan Renee Essays - Guiding Light, Free Essays, Term Papers

Megan Renee Essays - Guiding Light, Free Essays, Term Papers Megan Renee Megan Renee Please, just let me hold her, she pleaded, just once? Im sorry, replied the plump nurse coldly, but I have my orders, and besides, it will only make things that much worse. To an outsider, it was a heart-wrenching scene. To the hospital, it was something that they dealt with on a daily basis. To her family, it was a mistake that never should have happened. To Sara, it was a day that changed her life forever. Katie, I cant look-tell me what it says, requested Sara Holten. Do you really want to know?asked her best friend Katie Landiman, comparing the results to the package instructions. I have to know, I dont have a choice here. Its positive Sara, youre pregnant, Katie said reaching out to comfort her friend with a hug, wishing she could help more. How could you do this to us? was the only thing Mr. and Mrs. Holten said when Sara told them. Her mother cried, and her father just turned away from her and didnt say anything. Her boyfriend Joel just reminded her that he had a football scholarship, and that he was in no position to take care of a child. He offered to pay for her to take care of it, and she left before he could say another word. Sara was only sixteen, but up until now, she was considered very mature and responsible for her age. She had a 3.7 grade point average in high school. She was going to graduate a year early, and had even begun to take classes at the local community college. She felt that she could, and wanted more than anything to take care of this baby, but They wouldnt allow it. Once her parents finally decided to talk to her, they gave her a choicewell an ultimatum really. They first tried to convince her to have an abortion, it will solve everything, they insisted. When she refused to even talk about it, they then suggested adoption. They told her that they could send her to a special place where there were other girls in trouble like her. She would have the baby and then it would be given to a nice family. Sara kept it as a suggestion, hoping that her parents would eventually come around and let her keep the baby. Then they told her that was it. If she didnt take one of those options, she would be kicked out with out a penny of support. They gave her one-month to decide. Sara knew that she could never live with herself if she had an abortion, it was not even a possibility. She wanted this baby so much and just knew that it was a baby girl. She even named her Megan Renee. She pictured what she would look like. Blond hair and soft blue eyes. The tiny little fingers that would clasp around hers, the little legs that would kick in excitement. She wanted so badly to see her baby girls little face, to hold her in her arms and rock her to sleep. She told her parents she would go to the home, but secretly she was trying to figure out a way to make it work. She knew deep down though that it never would. She had no real money of her own, and she didnt know anyone who would or could take her in. When she was six months along she finally gave up and decided that the best thing for Megan was to find a good home for her. She started to interview potential parents-to-be. She went through eleven couples, and ruled out six right away. Not that they wouldnt make good parents, she just didnt think that they would make the right parents for her baby. She finally narrowed it down to two couples. They were very nice people and had a little boy who was six. They had a little girl also, but she died when she was only four days old. After three miscarriages, they couldnt bare to try any more. They had a beautiful house, and their son Alex was so sweet. Sara knew right away that her baby would be in good hands with this family. The other couple

Biography of Robert Hooke, the Man Who Discovered Cells

Biography of Robert Hooke, the Man Who Discovered Cells Robert Hooke (July 18, 1635–March 3, 1703) was a 17th-century natural philosopher- an early scientist- noted for a variety of observations of the natural world. But perhaps his most notable discovery came in 1665 when he looked at a sliver of cork through a microscope lens and discovered cells. Fast Facts: Robert Hooke Known For: Experiments with a microscope, including the discovery of cells, and coining of the termBorn: July 18, 1635 in Freshwater, the Isle of Wight, EnglandParents: John Hooke, vicar of Freshwater and his second wife Cecily GylesDied: March 3, 1703 in LondonEducation: Westminster in London, and Christ Church at Oxford, as a laboratory assistant of Robert BoylePublished Works: Micrographia: or some Physiological Descriptions of Minute Bodies made by Magnifying Glasses with Observations and Inquiries Thereupon Early Life Robert Hooke was born July 18, 1635, in Freshwater on the Isle of Wight off the southern coast of England, the son of the vicar of Freshwater John Hooke and his second wife Cecily Gates. His health was delicate as a child, so Robert was kept at home until after his father died. In 1648, when Hooke was 13, he went to London and was first apprenticed to painter Peter Lely and proved fairly good at the art, but he left because the fumes affected him. He enrolled at Westminster School in London, where he received a solid academic education including Latin, Greek, and Hebrew, and also gained training as an instrument maker. He later went on to Oxford and, as a product of Westminster, entered Christ Church college, where he became the friend and laboratory assistant of Robert Boyle, best known for his natural law of gases known as Boyles Law. Hooke invented a wide range of things at Christ Church, including a balance spring for watches, but he published few of them. He did publish a tract on capillary attraction in 1661, and it was that treatise the brought him to the attention of the Royal Society for Promoting Natural History, founded just a year earlier. The Royal Society The Royal Society for Promoting Natural History (or Royal Society) was founded in November 1660 as a group of like-minded scholars. It was not associated with a particular university but rather funded under the patronage of the British king Charles II. Members during Hookes day included Boyle, the architect Christopher Wren, and the natural philosophers John Wilkins and Isaac Newton; today, it boasts 1,600 fellows from around the world. In 1662, the Royal Society offered Hooke the initially unpaid curator position, to furnish the society with three or four experiments each week- they promised to pay him as soon as the society had the money. Hooke did eventually get paid for the curatorship, and when he was named a professor of geometry, he gained housing at Gresham college. Hooke remained in those positions for the rest of his life; they offered him the opportunity to research whatever interested him. Observations and Discoveries Hooke was, like many of the members of the Royal Society, wide-reaching in his interests. Fascinated by seafaring and navigation, Hooke invented a depth sounder and water sampler. In September 1663, he began keeping daily weather records, hoping that would lead to reasonable weather predictions. He invented or improved all five basic meteorological instruments (the barometer, thermometer, hydroscope, rain gauge, and wind gauge), and developed and printed a form to record weather data. Some 40 years before Hooke joined the Royal Society, Galileo had invented the microscope (called an occhiolino  at the time, or wink in Italian); as curator, Hooke bought a commercial version and began an extremely wide and varying amount of research with it, looking at plants, molds, sand, and fleas. Among his discoveries were fossil shells in sand (now recognized as foraminifera), spores in mold, and the bloodsucking practices of mosquitoes and lice. Discovery of the Cell Hooke is best known today for his identification of the cellular structure of plants. When he looked at a sliver of cork through his microscope, he noticed some pores or cells in it. Hooke believed the cells had served as containers for the noble juices or fibrous threads of the once-living cork tree. He thought these cells existed only in plants, since he and his scientific contemporaries had observed the structures only in plant material. Nine months of experiments and observations are recorded in his 1665 book Micrographia: or some Physiological Descriptions of Minute Bodies made by Magnifying Glasses with Observations and Inquiries Thereupon, the first book describing observations made through a microscope. It featured many drawings, some of which have been attributed to Christopher Wren, such as that of a detailed flea observed through the microscope. Hooke was the first person to use the word cell to identify microscopic structures when he was describing cork. His other observations and discoveries include: Hookes Law: A  law of elasticity for solid bodies, which described how tension increases and decreases in a spring coilVarious observations on the nature of gravity, as well as heavenly bodies such as comets and planetsThe nature of fossilization, and its implications for biological history Death and Legacy Hooke was a brilliant scientist, a pious Christian, and a difficult and impatient man. What kept him from true success was a lack of interest in mathematics. Many of his ideas inspired and were completed by others in and outside of the Royal Society, such as the Dutch pioneer microbiologist Antoni van Leeuwenhoek (1632–1723), navigator and geographer William Dampier (1652–1715), geologist Niels Stenson (better known as Steno, 1638–1686), and Hookes personal nemesis, Isaac Newton (1642–1727). When the Royal Society published Newtons Principia in 1686, Hooke accused him of plagiarism, a situation so profoundly affecting Newton that he put off publishing Optics until after Hooke was dead. Hooke kept a diary in which he discussed his infirmities, which were many, but although it doesnt have literary merit like Samuel Pepys, it also describes many details of daily life in London after the Great Fire. He died, suffering from scurvy and other unnamed and unknown illnesses, on March 3, 1703. He neither married nor had children. Sources Egerton, Frank N. A History of the Ecological Sciences, Part 16: Robert Hooke and the Royal Society of London. Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America 86.2 (2005): 93–101. Print.Jardine, Lisa. Monuments and Microscopes: Scientific Thinking on a Grand Scale in the Early Royal Society. Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London 55.2 (2001): 289–308. Print.Nakajima, Hideto. Robert Hookes Family and His Youth: Some New Evidence from the Will of the Rev. John Hooke. Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London 48.1 (1994): 11–16. Print.Whitrow, G. J. Robert Hooke. Philosophy of Science 5.4 (1938): 493–502. Print.